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“Les Trois Citrons” Continued – Instructions For The Prince
The prince is shown three lemons, a knife of silver and a cup of gold. These items are what he will need to get his long awaited princess…
“Prenez ce couteau d’argent, coupez le premier citron, et au même instant une belle princesse paraîtra. Elle vous demandera à boire. Si vous lui donnez immédiatement à boire dans la coupe d’or, elle restera avec vous et sera votre femme ; mais si vous hésitez, même un instant, elle disparaîtra, et vous ne la reverrez plus jamais.”
“Si vous avez le malheur de la perdre, coupez le second citron, et une seconde princesse paraîtra, qui vous demandera aussi à boire. Si vous ne lui donnez pas immédiatement à boire, elle disparaîtra aussi.”
An Explanation Of French Grammar In Above Story
Let’s look at the third person plural present tense. When talking to someone and you want to be polite, in French there’s the third person plural. Prenez, coupez, donnez, hésitez, reverrez, avez, etc. There’s quite a lot of them in above piece. In English this actually is “you”, although probably most people would translate you with French “tu”. Thou is the old English more equal form similar to Du (German), jij (Dutch) and tu (French), and is not used anymore. So in the English speaking world I guess everyone is polite, and no-one is, in a way. I’ll give the conjugations for the third person plural in a couple of tenses here:
Present tense -> past tense (imparfait / simple) -> future -> conditional tense
- vous prenez -> vous preniez / prîtes -> prendrez -> prendriez
- vous coupez -> vous coupiez / coupâtes -> couperez -> couperiez
- vous donnez -> vous donniez / donnâtes -> donnerez -> donneriez
(The simple past tense is used mostly literary in French)
The next one we’ll discuss in a similar way is the Future, the Future tense. This is used to state things to happen. In the story the lady Spring is explaining to the Prince what will happen once he cuts the lemons with the silver knife:
- une belle princesse paraîtra -> a beautiful princess will/shall appear
- Elle vous demandera à boire -> she will ask you for a drink
And, she says, if you give her a drink immediately…
No witty or romantic conversation needed, those were the good old days. Anyway, if he doesn’t do as he’s told however:
- elle disparaîtra, -> she’ll disappear
- et vous ne la reverrez plus jamais -> and you will never see her again!
So the future tense means something “will” happen. As opposed to the Conditional tense, were something “should” happen.